Foreign policy and political ideology. A (non) explanatory factor for the Chilean regionalism model
Authors
-
Wanderley dos Reis Nascimento Júnior
Centro Universitário Dinâmica das Cataratas
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-5330
Abstract
What is the influence of the political ideology (left and right) of the heads of the Executive Power on the foreign policy agenda for regionalism in Chile? The alternation of coalition governments with distinct political ideologies in Chile with the arrival in 2006 of the government of the center-left coalition, led by Michelle Bachelet (Socialist Party), followed by the rise, in 2010, of a center-right coalition, led by Sebastián Piñera (National Renewal), and the return of the socialist in 2014, offers us a unique case to move forward with empirical studies that seek to understand how ideas matter. The objective of this work is to contribute to an understanding that apprehends the influence of different political ideologies in the construction of the foreign policy agenda for regionalism. If, on the one hand, this subject has already been extensively worked on in studies on the process of European regional integration, on the other hand, there is a lack of studies on the Latin American reality that understands the influence of ideological issues on the heads of the executive branch. We used the Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP) method, adapting it to understand the presidential messages to the National Congress of Chile. We argue that ideological positions about regionalism are not clearly defined, so political ideology is not, for the analyzed cases, the central explanatory factor for the Chilean regionalism model.
Keywords:
Political ideology, Regionalism, Chilean foreign policy, Left, RightReferences
Piñera, S. (2011). Mensaje presidencial del 21 de mayo de 2011. Valparaíso: Mensaje al país del Presidente de la República, Sebastián Piñera Echenique. Disponível em: [https://www.camara.cl/camara/doc/archivo_historico/21mayo_2011.pdf] Acesso em: 20 jul. 2020.
Piñera, S. (2010). Mensaje presidencial del 21 de mayo de 2010. Valparaíso: Mensaje al país del Presidente de la República, Sebastián Piñera Echenique. Disponível em: [https://www.camara.cl/camara/doc/archivo_historico/21mayo_2010.pdf] Acesso em: 20 jul. 2020.
PNUD (2007). Relatório de Desenvolvimento Humano, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.br.undp.org/content/brazil/pt/home/library/idh/relatorios-de-desenvolvimento-humano/relatorio-do-desenvolvimento-humano-20007.html Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.
Ray, L. (1999). Measuring party orientations towards European integration: Results from an expert survey. European Journal of Political Research, 36, 283-306.
Ribeiro, Pedro Feliú. (2014). O voto dos legisladores latino-americanos em temas de política comercial. Leviathan (São Paulo). Nº 9, p. 127-142.
Ribeiro, Pedro Feliú; Pereira Neto, Manoel Galdino, y Oliveira, Amâncio Jorge Silva Nunes. (2007). Política de comércio exterior, ideologia partidária e interesses locais: um estudo sobre o caso chileno. Cena Internacional 9 (2), 33-57.
Riggirozzi, P. y Tussie, D. (2012). The rise of post-hegemonic regionalism in Latin America. The Rise of Post-Hegemonic Regionalism. [S.l.]: Springer.
Rodrigues, P.; Urdinez, F. y Oliveira, A. (2019). Measuring International Engagement: Systemic and Domestic Factors in Brazilian Foreign Policy from 1998 to 2014. Foreign Policy Analysis 15, no. 3, p. 370–91.
Rueschemeyer, D. (2006). How and Why Ideas Matter. In: R.E. Goodin&C. Tilly, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sader, E. (2009). A nova toupeira: os caminhos da esquerda latino-americana. São Paulo: Boitempo.
Sanahuja, J.A. (2010). La construcción de una región: Suramérica y el regionalismo posliberal. In: Cienfuegos, M. y Sanahuja, J.A. (Org.). Una región en construcción. UNASUR y la integración en América del Sur. Madrid: Fundación CIDOB.
Santiago, R. (2018). Ideologia explica tudo? O embate no legislativo brasileiro em matérias de política externa. Rev. Carta Inter., Belo Horizonte, v. 13, n. 2, p. 223-258.
Santos, F. (2006). Integração regional e as eleições presidenciais de 2006 no Brasil. Análise de Conjuntura, Rio de Janeiro, n. 2.
Schmidt, V.A. (2008). Discursive Institutionalism: The Explanatory Power of Ideas and Discourse. Annual Review of Political Science, 11(1), 303–326. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060606.135342
Serbin, A. (2010). Regionalismo y soberanía nacional en América Latina: los nuevos desafíos. In: Documentos CRIES, Nº 15, Buenos Aires: CRIES.
Sikkink, K. (1991). Ideas and Institutions. Developmentalism in Brazil and Argentina. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Souza, Nilson Araújo de. (2012). América Latina: as ondas da integração. Oikos (Rio de Janeiro), v. 11, n. 1, p. 87-126.
Tarouco, Gabriela da Silva; Madeira, Rafael Machado. (2013). Partidos, programas e o debate sobre esquerda e direita no Brasil. Rev. Sociol. Polit. [online]. vol.21, n.45, pp.149-165. ISSN 0104-4478. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-44782013000100011.
Veiga, Pedro da Motta; Rios, Sandra P. (2007). O regionalismo pós-liberal, na América do Sul: origens, iniciativas e dilemas. [S.l.]: CEPAL.
Volkens, A. y Bara, J. (2013). Presidential Versus Parliamentary Representation: Extending the Manifesto Estimates to Latin America. In: Volkens, Andrea et al. Mapping Policy Preferences from Texts III. Statistical Solutions for Manifesto Analysts. Oxford University Press.
Walker, Stephen G. (1990). The Evolution of Operational Code Analysis. Political Psychology, 11(2), pp.403–418.
Whitefield, S. y Rohrschneider, R. (2015). The salience of European integration to party competition: Western and Eastern Europe compared. East European Politics and Societies, v. 29, n.1, p. 12–39.
Twitter