El riesgo del proteccionismo comercial turbio en una economía global interconectada e incierta
Autores/as
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Nicolás Albertoni
Universidad Católica del Uruguay
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-072X
Resumen
Este artículo no trata sobre el libre comercio ni sobre el proteccionismo. Se trata del punto donde los dos pueden converger. Un aspecto distintivo del aumento del proteccionismo durante la última década es que se produce en un contexto de mayor interconectividad global. Durante las últimas tres décadas, los países de todo el mundo se han integrado más a través de acuerdos comerciales preferenciales (ACP) y cadenas de valor globales (CVG), al mismo tiempo que han erigido nuevas barreras comerciales. ¿Qué explica estas trayectorias contradictorias? La literatura sobre la economía política del proteccionismo comercial muestra fácilmente que los ACP promueven las interdependencias comerciales; también ofrece argumentos convincentes sobre las circunstancias en las que los gobiernos se ven obligados a proteger sus economías. Sin embargo, tenemos poca evidencia de cómo estas dos trayectorias ocurren a la vez. Este artículo ofrece nueva evidencia de que los mecanismos institucionales como los ACP, que durante décadas han impulsado la difusión de la liberalización comercial, también pueden convertirse en canales para la propagación de proteccionismo menos transparente (por ejemplo, medidas no arancelarias).
Palabras clave:
Política comercial, Proteccionismo, Incertidumbre, Interdependencia, Economía globalReferencias
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