La agencia del Sur Global en la gobernanza del nexo comercio-clima: estrategias sudamericanas de diplomacia climática frente al EUDR y CBAM
Autores/as
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Julieta Zelicovich
Universidad Nacional de Rosario
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-9002
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Resumen
Desde el lanzamiento del Pacto Verde Europeo en 2019, la Unión Europea ha situado la cuestión climática en el centro de su acción exterior, posicionando a la política comercial como un instrumento clave para proyectar estándares ambientales y climáticos más allá de sus fronteras. Mediante medidas unilaterales con alcance extraterritorial, como el Mecanismo de Ajuste de Carbono en Frontera (CBAM) y el Reglamento sobre Productos Libres de Deforestación (EUDR), Bruselas ha alterado el equilibrio entre comercio y cambio climático, en un contexto marcado por bajo crecimiento del comercio, asimetrías en el poder regulatorio y por una distribución desigual de los costos de adaptación. Este artículo propone analizar la agencia del Sur Global frente a estos desarrollos, un aspecto poco explorado en la literatura. Se pregunta qué tipo de posicionamientos y estrategias de diplomacia climática desplegaron los países del Sur Global en el ámbito internacional frente a regulaciones verdes unilaterales al comercio impulsadas por la Unión Europea. A partir de estos interrogantes, el artículo se enfoca en el caso de Sudamérica para analizar sus acciones frente al CBAM y el EUDR entre 2019 y 2025. Se realiza un mapeo sistemático de las respuestas de cinco países de la región, construyendo una tipología de estrategias de diplomacia climática, y se examinan las condiciones bajo las cuales éstos deciden desplegar acciones favorables a la adopción de las medidas impulsadas por la UE, mediante un análisis cualitativo comparado (QCA).
Palabras clave:
CBAM , EUDR , Agencia del Sur Global , diplomacia climáticaCitas
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